What are the mechanisms by which blood pressure is controlled?

The primary control of blood pressure is by a feedback system which starts with the baroreceptors (pressure receptors in the main arteries of the body, the aortic arch, the brachiocephalic artery and the carotid arteries, the main concentration being in the carotid sinus at the junction of external and internal carotids). Impulses from these receptors reach the cardiovascular centres in the brainstem, which then influence both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to regulate the blood pressure, by influencing the heart rate and force of contraction and by causing dilatation or constriction of the arterioles.


A second system of control starts with the chemoreceptors in the aortic arch and carotid sinus, which respond to changes in O2, CO2 and pH and also have an input into the cardiovascular centres.


Finally there is a long-term control of the blood pressure via the mechanisms which control blood volume. When the blood volume is low, there is an increased secretion of the hormone renin by the kidney. Renin stimulates the production of angiotensin, a hormone which constricts blood vessels and raises the blood pressure.What are the mechanisms by which blood pressure is controlled?
There are three basic mechanisms used today of which I am aware. The first and I understand the oldest method of control is to reduce the volume of the blood - reduce salt intake and take diuretics. Both work to lower the water content (and therefore the total volume) of the blood. Less volume equates to less pressure.





Relax the muscles around the blood vessels and allow them to increase in diameter. One goup of meds used for this are vasodilators.





Finally, there are meds that act on the nervous system to reduce the nerve impulses to the blood vessels. Soime of these also act to slow the heart rate.What are the mechanisms by which blood pressure is controlled?
The body is an amazing machine, when extra blood is needed for muscles organs, or to speed a tissue repair then the heart will beat faster. This pumps blood faster and your blood pressure rises automatically. To prevent damage from this higher pressure the veins and arteries dilate and thus the extra blood gets to where it is needed without running the risk of high blood pressure.
I presume you are not in medical field and not a medical student. Therefore my answer will not be into too much medical terminoloy and physiology.





Basically, blood pressure (BP) is mainly controlled by the kidney.





Norephinephrine is the substance secreted as a neurotransmitter by the sympathetic neurons and by some neurons in the central nervous system.





Adrenal medullary hormones causes blood to be rerouted in favor of those organs essential for emergency actions. Meaning, in the event of haemorrhage, whereby the BP drops, adrenal medullar step in to regulate.





When BP low, hypothalamus (in the brain) stimulate the anterior pituitory to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to bring up the BP





Under normal circumstances, when BP is high or low, kidney will secrete hormones to regulate it. In low BP renin is release and this increase the production of angiotensin. this stimulate stimulate the adrenal cortex to release more aldosterone.





On top of the explaination, electrolytes such as sodium especially, has interference with BP.





As you can see, the mechanism is a big picture. One leading into another. This maintain homeostasis (balance) in our body. Therefore, mechanism of BP control is not just simply 1 sentence answer.

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